Best 10 Database Management Software For Developers and DBAs (2026)

We reviewed the leading database management tools on how many database engines each one connects to, the query and schema tools developers and DBAs use every day, and how each one stores credentials, controls team access, and logs activity.

Last updated on Oct 27, 2026
Joel Witts Written by Joel Witts
Craig MacAlpine Technical Review by Craig MacAlpine
Best 10 Database Management Software For Developers and DBAs

Database management software helps teams who manage multiple databases day to day. It lets you connect to a database, see its tables, write and run queries, and edit data. It is separate from the database itself. PostgreSQL, MySQL and SQL Server are databases, and the tools in this guide let your team work with several of them from one app.

Most development and IT teams work with more than one database. PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite and Microsoft SQL Server are each used by between 30% and 56% of developers, according to the Stack Overflow 2025 Developer Survey, and those figures add up to well over 100%. If each database has its own management tool, your team ends up switching between apps, with saved connections and passwords stored in every one of them.

SQL Server teams that used Azure Data Studio also need a replacement, as Microsoft retired it on February 28, 2026.

The right tool depends on which databases you run, which operating systems your team uses, and how the tool stores database passwords, controls who can connect, and records what people do.

The team here at Expert Insights has compared 10 database management tools. We looked at which databases they support, including NoSQL databases such as MongoDB. We considered whether they run on Windows, macOS and Linux, their query editors and schema compare tools, AI assistants, team access controls, how they handle passwords, and whether they log or record sessions.

And we also compared licensing, from free community editions to per-user subscriptions and one-off perpetual licenses. Let’s get into it.

What is Database Management Software?

Database management software connects to a database, shows its tables and structure, and lets developers, DBAs and IT staff write and run queries, edit data, and handle routine admin tasks.

The same term is also used for the Database Management System (DBMS) itself, such as PostgreSQL or SQL Server, which stores the data. This guide covers the clients used to work with those systems. Many of these clients connect to several database engines from one application.

Database clients connect to each engine through native drivers or standard JDBC and ODBC drivers. A SQL editor offers autocomplete and shows execution plans, and tools typically add schema browsing, Entity-Relationship (ER) diagrams, visual query builders, and data import and export.

Some add schema and data compare to sync environments, and admin views of sessions, locks, and performance. Clients also differ in how they handle credentials. Some clients store connection passwords encrypted on the user's device, while others pull credentials from a vault or broker the connection so the user never sees the password.

Team editions add shared connections and role-based access controls, and some clients audit or record database sessions. AI assistants in some clients turn natural language into SQL and explain or optimize queries. Their controls include read-only modes, approval before any write operation, and the option to bring your own AI model.

Clients typically run as desktop apps on Windows, macOS, and Linux, in the browser, or as extensions inside code editors.

Database Management Solutions Compared

This table compares the 10 database management tools we reviewed across their core capabilities.

Product Best For NoSQL Support Windows, macOS and Linux AI Assistant Schema Compare Team Access Controls Session Audit or Recording
KeeperDB
Database access without exposing credentials
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Aqua Data Studio
Analysts and developers using many database platforms
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Beekeeper Studio
Small teams wanting an open-source client on every OS
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
DataGrip
Developers wanting an IDE-grade SQL editor
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
DBeaver PRO
Teams working across 100+ SQL, NoSQL and cloud sources
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
dbForge Edge
Windows teams on SQL Server, MySQL, Oracle and PostgreSQL
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
DbVisualizer
Cross-platform teams wanting a per-user license
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Navicat Premium
One client for relational and NoSQL databases
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
TablePlus
Individual developers wanting a native client and one-time license
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Toad Data Studio
Teams with mixed relational, NoSQL and SAP databases
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No

How We Tested

Expert Insights independently researches and tests database management tools. We evaluated 10 database clients and IDEs hands-on, assessing coverage of relational and NoSQL engines, query editing, schema compare, AI assistants, support for Windows, macOS, and Linux, and how each tool handles credentials, team access controls and session auditing. This article was written by Joel Witts and technically reviewed by Craig MacAlpine. Read our full methodology

1.

KeeperDB

KeeperDB Logo
Keeper Security

Best for teams that want database access without exposing credentials, with recorded, time-limited sessions

KeeperDB is a multi-protocol database management tool from Keeper Security, built on Keeper’s zero-knowledge platform. It comes in two forms: a free desktop app for macOS, Windows and Linux, and a session component of KeeperPAM that you can launch from a PAM Database record in the Keeper Vault.

KeeperDB connects to PostgreSQL, MySQL and MariaDB, SQL Server, Oracle, Amazon Redshift, SQLite, MongoDB and Amazon DynamoDB through native drivers. It includes a query editor with syntax highlighting and autocomplete, a searchable schema tree, ER diagrams, in-place cell editing, and export to CSV, JSON or SQL INSERT statements.

KeeperAI, the built-in assistant, writes and explains queries with knowledge of your connected schema, and lists exactly what it will run before executing anything other than a SELECT.

With KeeperPAM, the KeeperPAM Gateway injects credentials into the connection, so they’re never stored or exposed on your users’ devices. KeeperPAM also adds full session recording, read-only permissions, and controls on data exports and imports.

  • KeeperDB opens several database connections at once in separate tabs, and runs one query across connections of the same database type
  • KeeperDB signs in to Azure SQL and SQL Server with Entra ID
  • The desktop app retrieves credentials from the Keeper Vault through Secrets Manager and holds them in memory only for the session
  • A per-session audit log captures every query action
  • With KeeperPAM, users request ephemeral accounts with time-limited access, approved through Slack, Jira, ServiceNow or Teams
  • KeeperPAM records every keystroke and visual interaction of a database session
  • KeeperPAM’s Tunnel feature lets users connect a locally installed database application, and revoking the vault share ends a contractor’s access

We think KeeperDB is a strong option for teams that want secure database access and that need recorded, time-limited sessions for production databases.

The free desktop app works as an everyday client on its own, even without a Keeper account. Credential injection, session recording, read-only permissions and time-limited access need KeeperPAM, which Keeper prices on request.

Keeper is a trusted security platform, with a popular, easy-to-use password manager and enterprise PAM solution used by more than 100,000 organizations globally. If you want enterprise password management or PAM alongside your database client, Keeper is well worth considering.

Strengths
Free desktop app for macOS, Windows and Linux, usable without a Keeper account
Credentials never stored or exposed on user devices with KeeperPAM
Recorded, read-only and time-limited sessions for production databases
Native drivers for every supported engine
Cautions
No schema compare tool
Governance controls need KeeperPAM, priced on request
2.

Aqua Data Studio

Aqua Data Studio Logo
Idera

Best for analysts and developers working across many database platforms in one IDE

Aqua Data Studio is a database IDE that runs on Windows, macOS, and Linux, natively on Apple silicon. It supports over 40 data source platforms. These include Oracle, SQL Server, PostgreSQL, MySQL, Snowflake, Google BigQuery, Teradata, SAP HANA, MongoDB, and Apache Cassandra, plus generic JDBC and ODBC connections.

The IDE includes a visual query builder, SQL debuggers for Oracle, Sybase ASE, DB2 LUW and SQL Server, and an ER Modeler for creating and managing ER diagrams. You can compare and synchronize the DDL of schema objects, compare the data in two schemas, and move data between a database and external files. Query results are integrated into Visual Analytics, so you can build charts and dashboards in the same tool.

The AI Assist feature, included in the Standard and Ultimate editions, automatically generates, rewrites, optimizes, and explains SQL using OpenAI models.

  • MongoShell provides an interactive JavaScript shell for MongoDB, with syntax and functionality close to the native shell
  • Built-in version control manages your SQL scripts and other database files
  • Aqua Data Studio integrates with Active Directory, LDAP and single sign-on providers
  • Credentials in connection profiles are encrypted in the application’s configuration store, and teams share connection configurations without seeing the underlying secrets
  • Administrators can monitor active sessions, track resource usage, and end suspicious connections
  • SQL history tracking and logging record which user ran which query, and when
  • The Ultimate edition adds task scheduling, synthetic data generation, and JSON import and export with MongoDB

We think Aqua Data Studio is a strong option for analysts and developers who work across many database platforms and want query, modeling, compare, and charting tools in one IDE.

Standard costs $499 per user and Ultimate costs $699 per user, both on annual licensing, and Enterprise Ultimate is priced on request. There’s no free edition, but a 14-day trial covers Ultimate features except import and export.

Strengths
Over 40 supported data source platforms in one IDE
SQL debuggers for Oracle, Sybase ASE, DB2 LUW and SQL Server
Schema and data compare, with DDL synchronization
Charts and dashboards built from query results in the same tool
AI Assist included in Standard and Ultimate at no extra cost
Cautions
No free edition, only a 14-day trial
3.

Beekeeper Studio

Beekeeper Studio Logo
Beekeeper Studio

Best for small teams that want a modern open-source client on every operating system

Beekeeper Studio is a SQL and NoSQL database client that works on macOS, Windows, and Linux. The open-source Community Edition connects to PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB, SQLite, SQL Server, Amazon Redshift, CockroachDB, Google BigQuery and Redis, among others. Paid editions add Oracle, Snowflake, ClickHouse, DuckDB, MongoDB, Cassandra, Trino, and Presto, with DynamoDB available in beta. Paid features unlock in the same app.

The query editor offers syntax highlighting and autocomplete for your tables, and you can create a table from a CSV or export results to CSV, JSON, JSONL, and SQL. Paid editions add editable query results that write back to source tables, ER diagrams, and native backup and restore with pg_dump and mysqldump.

The AI Shell, in the Professional and Business plans, explores your schema, runs SQL only with your explicit consent and checks its work against real data, using your own AI provider key. Professional and Business also include cloud workspaces, where your team shares connections and saved queries in a shared folder.

  • Cloud workspaces assign Member, Admin, and Owner roles, and per-item permissions let you share queries with different teams
  • Saved connection passwords are encrypted, and database credentials stay on your device and are never sent to Beekeeper Studio
  • In cloud workspaces, saved passwords are encrypted by the application before they’re stored
  • Paid editions support AWS IAM passwordless connections and plugin admin controls with allowlists and lockdown
  • Beekeeper Studio connects to PostgreSQL and MySQL with Microsoft Entra ID authentication
  • Folders and read-only mode are available in the free edition
  • Telemetry is opt-in only, and Windows installs can be deployed through an MSI package

We think Beekeeper Studio is a strong option for small teams that want a modern, open-source client on every operating system. The Community Edition is free, and paid plans cost $9, $14, or $18 per user per month, billed yearly, with a 14-day trial.

Beekeeper Studio’s documentation doesn’t describe schema compare or audit logging, so if your team has governance requirements, we recommend you check those with the vendor before you buy.

Strengths
Open-source Community Edition with no license fee
Same features on macOS, Windows, and Linux
AI Shell asks for consent before running any SQL
Shared team workspaces with roles and per-item permissions
Credentials stay on the user's device
Cautions
The Community Edition is meant for individuals, non-profits, and small businesses, with Beekeeper Studio asking larger organizations to buy a paid plan
DynamoDB support is in beta
4.

DataGrip

DataGrip Logo
JetBrains

Best for developers who want an IDE-grade SQL editor with agent-based AI

DataGrip is the JetBrains IDE for relational and NoSQL databases. It runs on Windows, macOS, and Linux. JetBrains says that it works with over 50 local and cloud databases, including PostgreSQL, MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, MongoDB, Redis, SQLite, Snowflake, and Google BigQuery. It also connects to any database that has a JDBC driver. You can buy DataGrip on its own or use it through the All Products Pack.

DataGrip’s code completion, navigation, inspections, and refactorings all draw on your database schema, so the editor flags errors and offers quick-fixes as you write SQL. The data editor filters, sorts, and edits query results in interactive tables, and you can import and export data in standard formats or define your own. DataGrip compares schemas and generates a migration script that makes the target match the origin.

JetBrains AI Assistant writes SQL from natural language with your database context. You can also run agents such as Junie, Claude, Codex, GitHub Copilot, or Gemini CLI from the model picker.

  • Local History and Git integration track changes to your scripts
  • Project data source definitions can be stored in version control so your team shares them, and the shared file excludes passwords
  • DataGrip keeps no password store of its own; it uses your operating system’s password manager or KeePass
  • Data source templates sync through your JetBrains Account, without your database credentials
  • AI agent skills, MCP tools, and CLI commands let agents manage data sources
  • JetBrains AI comes in AI Free, AI Pro, AI Ultimate and AI Enterprise tiers, and AI Pro is included with the All Products Pack

We think DataGrip is a strong option for developers who want IDE-grade SQL editing and AI agents in a database tool.

DataGrip is free for non-commercial use, and commercial licenses come with a 30-day trial. Team sharing works through connection files in version control, and DataGrip has no built-in roles, so if your organization needs central access controls, we recommend you plan for that separately.

Strengths
Over 50 supported databases, plus any JDBC-compatible database
Schema-aware completion, inspections, and refactorings
Schema comparison with generated migration scripts
Choice of AI agents from one model picker
Free for non-commercial use
Cautions
No built-in roles or central access controls
5.

DBeaver PRO

DBeaver PRO Logo
DBeaver

Best for teams that need over 100 data sources in one tool

DBeaver PRO is the commercial line of DBeaver database management tools, sold as DBeaver Lite, Enterprise, Ultimate, Team Edition, and CloudBeaver Enterprise. DBeaver Community is the separate free, open-source edition. The desktop editions run on Windows, macOS, and Linux, CloudBeaver Enterprise runs in the browser. DBeaver supports over 100 data sources, including SQL, NoSQL, and cloud-native databases.

Every PRO edition includes a visual query builder, ER diagrams, data import and export, NoSQL support and the AI Assistant. The AI Assistant generates, explains and fixes queries, and works with the provider you choose, including OpenAI, Anthropic Claude, Google Gemini, Azure OpenAI, Amazon Bedrock, GitHub Copilot, and Ollama.

Enterprise and Ultimate add schema compare, table data comparison and data migration, and Ultimate adds native AWS, Google Cloud, and Azure support. Team Edition adds advanced role management, shared scripts and connections, and sign-in through SAML, Azure AD, or SSO.

  • Schema compare shows how two database structures differ, using Liquibase snapshots
  • Lite, Enterprise, and Ultimate store connection credentials in external secret managers, including AWS Secrets Manager, Azure Key Vault, HashiCorp Vault, CyberArk, and Google Cloud Secret Manager
  • A master password protects saved credentials in PRO editions
  • DBeaver can route queries through a central server, so passwords stay hidden and queries are logged
  • Team Edition’s audit logging panel records API activity, and Team Edition and CloudBeaver keep query history for all users
  • The AI Assistant connects to external MCP servers and tools
  • The dbvr standalone CLI runs database operations from the command line

We think DBeaver PRO is a strong option for teams that want over 100 data sources in one tool, with a free Community Edition to start from.

Pricing is per named user per year: Lite costs $113, Enterprise $255, and Ultimate $510, and you can evaluate DBeaver PRO with a 14-day trial.

Schema compare and team controls depend on the edition, so we recommend you map each edition to the features your team needs before you buy.

Strengths
Over 100 supported data sources, including NoSQL and cloud databases
Free, open-source Community Edition
AI Assistant works with your choice of provider
External secret manager support for connection credentials
Desktop, browser, and command-line options
Cautions
Schema compare needs Enterprise or Ultimate, and role management needs Team Edition
6.

dbForge Edge

dbForge Edge Logo
Devart

Best for Windows-centric teams wanting deep tooling for SQL Server, MySQL, Oracle and PostgreSQL

dbForge Edge is a bundle of four Devart database tools, one each for SQL Server, MySQL (including MariaDB), Oracle and PostgreSQL. It also works with related databases such as Percona and Greenplum, and with cloud-hosted databases including Amazon RDS, Aurora and Redshift, Azure SQL, Microsoft Fabric, Google Cloud, Oracle Cloud, Supabase and YugabyteDB.

Each tool lets you build queries visually, design databases and tables without writing code, and see how a query will run so you can spot any issues. You can also generate test data and produce documentation of a database’s structure.

Schema compare and data compare show the differences between two databases, such as a test and a live copy, and can sync them. The SQL Server and MySQL tools also connect to Git, GitHub and SVN for version control.

dbForge Edge runs on Windows only. Devart supports macOS and Linux through CrossOver, a separate app that runs Windows software on those systems.

  • The dbForge AI Assistant generates, explains, optimizes and troubleshoots SQL using models from OpenAI and Anthropic
  • The AI Assistant sees only your database metadata, never the data itself, and it’s switched off by default
  • The AI Assistant needs its own license, with a free Express tier of 200,000 tokens a month
  • Security Manager handles database user accounts and privileges for SQL Server, MySQL, and Oracle
  • Server Monitor tracks SQL Server, and Session Manager monitors active connections and traces user sessions for MySQL, MariaDB, and Oracle
  • The PostgreSQL studio includes an integrated debugger, with no extensions to install
  • SQL Server connections support Active Directory Universal authentication with MFA

We think dbForge Edge is a strong option for Windows-based teams that want deep tooling for SQL Server, MySQL, Oracle, and PostgreSQL in one platform.

Subscriptions start at $749.95 per license per year, or $899.95 with premium support, and Devart also sells perpetual licenses, with a 30-day trial.

dbForge Edge doesn’t support NoSQL databases, and if your team works on macOS or Linux, you’ll need CrossOver to run it.

Strengths
Four full IDEs for SQL Server, MySQL and MariaDB, Oracle, and PostgreSQL
Schema compare across all supported databases
Test data generation and database documentation built in
AI Assistant works from metadata only, with a free tier
Perpetual or subscription licensing
Cautions
Windows only, with macOS and Linux through CrossOver
No NoSQL database support
7.

DbVisualizer

DbVisualizer Logo
DbVis Software

Best for cross-platform teams that want a simple per-user license

DbVisualizer is a database client that runs on Windows, including Arm64, macOS on Apple silicon and Intel, and Linux, and it connects to relational, NoSQL and cloud databases, including Oracle, SQL Server, PostgreSQL, MySQL, MongoDB, Redis, Snowflake, Databricks, DynamoDB, Google BigQuery, ClickHouse, and DuckDB.

The Free edition covers the standard database management feature set, including references graphs that render every primary and foreign key mapping. The Pro edition adds a graphical query builder, table import and export, explain plan, and a table data editor.

DbVisualizer also lets you create, edit, and delete MongoDB documents directly. Pro compares schemas, one aspect of a schema at a time.

Pro includes an AI Assistant feature which is helpful. DbVisualizer doesn’t send table data to the AI provider, which is currently OpenAI, and it shares metadata only if you opt in.

  • Pro teams share database connections by mounting an external connections folder
  • Client-side audit logging in Pro records executed SQL statements, database metadata calls, and connection state changes
  • Administrators can enforce global audit policies
  • Saved passwords are encrypted with an auto-generated key, and an optional master password encrypts all passwords and passphrases instead
  • Git integration supports three-way merges
  • You can disable AI at the client level

We think DbVisualizer is a strong option for cross-platform teams that want a simple per-user license and a free edition to start with.

Pro costs $199 per user for the first year and $89 a year after that, and every subscription includes a perpetual license, so you can keep using the version you have if you stop renewing. There’s also 21-day Pro free trial available.

Something to be aware of is that schema comparison checks one aspect of a schema at a time, so we recommend you test it against your release process during the trial if you compare whole schemas often.

Strengths
Free edition with references graphs
Perpetual license included with every Pro subscription
Client-side SQL audit logging in Pro
AI Assistant never sends table data to the provider
Builds for Windows Arm64 and Apple silicon
Cautions
Query builder, data editor, and import and export need Pro
9.

TablePlus

TablePlus Logo
TablePlus

Best for individual developers who want a native client with a one-time license

TablePlus is a native database client for macOS, Windows, and Linux, with an iOS app. It connects to PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB, SQL Server, Oracle, SQLite, Amazon Redshift, Snowflake, Google BigQuery, ClickHouse, DuckDB, CockroachDB, MongoDB, Redis, Cassandra, Elasticsearch, and DynamoDB in beta, among others. Database coverage varies by operating system: Oracle is macOS only, and Snowflake runs on macOS and Windows.

The query editor offers autocomplete, syntax highlighting, SQL formatting, split panes, favorites, and query history. When you edit data inline, your changes stay pending until you commit them, so you can review the SQL TablePlus will run or discard everything. Safe Mode warns you, or asks for a password, before queries reach the server.

TablePlus also includes ER diagrams, import and export, backup and restore, user management, and a process list. On macOS, its built-in AI assistant writes and explains queries using your own key for OpenAI, Anthropic, Google AI, GitHub Copilot, Ollama, and other providers.

  • The AI assistant asks for your approval before running anything other than a read query, and Safe Mode still applies after you approve
  • Query results the AI assistant reads, including data rows, are sent to your chosen provider
  • On macOS, the TablePlus MCP server issues read-only tokens that reject anything other than read queries, and accepts connections only from your own Mac by default
  • Database and SSH passwords are saved in your Mac’s Keychain
  • Teams share connections through a synced folder, and passwords stay in each computer’s Keychain
  • A built-in native SSH client handles tunneled connections
  • Metrics Board builds internal dashboards

We think TablePlus is a strong option for individual developers who want a native client with a one-time license.

A Basic license costs $99 for one device plus two iOS devices, with a year of updates, and you keep using the app without limits after that year.

Team seats cost $79 each, with a minimum of three. Feature and database coverage is fullest on macOS, so if your team works on Windows or Linux, we recommend you check the drivers you need during the free trial.

Strengths
Perpetual license with no subscription
Pending edits let you review SQL before it runs
Safe Mode protects production databases
Wide database support, including NoSQL engines
Free iOS app for desktop license holders
Cautions
The free trial limits you to two tabs, two windows, and two advanced filters
10.

Toad Data Studio

Toad Data Studio Logo
Quest Software

Best for teams with mixed relational, NoSQL and SAP databases

Toad Data Studio is a database IDE from Quest Software for managing several types of database from one Windows desktop tool. It provides a full-featured database explorer, query builder and editor for Oracle, SQL Server and Azure SQL, IBM DB2, SAP ASE, IQ, SQL Anywhere, HANA, Teradata, MySQL, Snowflake, and Databricks. It connects to other relational databases through ODBC.

Toad Data Studio also connects to NoSQL sources, including MongoDB, Cassandra, DynamoDB, HBase, Hive, and Azure Table Services. In addition, it also connects to BI sources such as SAP Business Objects, Salesforce, SSAS, and SharePoint, plus Excel, Access, and CSV files.

The visual query builder lets you create queries without writing SQL, alongside database diagramming. You can compare schemas and generate change statements, compare data across environments, and keep your work under Git version control.

There are also AI capabilities in this platform. The AI Explain feature gives you plain-language descriptions and code summaries.

  • Automations run on the desktop or publish to a server environment, and published automations can be shared with other users
  • Session Browser monitors live database sessions for SQL Server and DB2
  • Toad Data Studio includes a debugger and admin tools for SAP databases
  • Group Connections let you organize database connections into groups
  • Licenses are tied to your Quest account, so you can use Toad Data Studio from multiple computers
  • Offline Subscription licensing activates the product in restricted and air-gapped environments
  • AI features need online sign-in with a Quest account at the time of use, and aren’t available in air-gapped installs

We think Toad Data Studio is a strong option for teams that manage mixed relational, NoSQL, and SAP databases from Windows desktops.

Quest prices Toad Data Studio on request, and a subscription starts with a fully functioning 30-day trial. Toad for Oracle license holders can also use Toad Data Studio, although their license doesn’t cover its AI features.

Toad Data Studio runs on Windows 8.1, 10, and 11 and Windows Server, so if parts of your team work on macOS or Linux, we recommend you plan how they’ll connect before you commit.

Strengths
Native support for SAP ASE, IQ, SQL Anywhere, and HANA alongside mainstream engines
NoSQL, BI, and file sources in the same tool
Schema compare with generated change statements
Shareable automations published to a server
Offline licensing for air-gapped sites
Cautions
Windows support only

Other Database Management Services

We looked at many more database management tools while researching this guide. These are also worth considering:

11
DbSchema

A visual database design and management tool from Wise Coders, with a free Community Edition.

12
HeidiSQL

A free client for MariaDB, MySQL, SQL Server, PostgreSQL, SQLite, and Interbase/Firebird, available for Windows, Linux, and macOS.

13
MSSQL extension for Visual Studio Code

Microsoft's VS Code extension for connecting to SQL Server, Azure SQL, and Fabric SQL databases, managing schemas and running T-SQL queries. Microsoft points Azure Data Studio users to it after retiring Azure Data Studio on February 28, 2026.

14
MySQL Workbench

Oracle's visual tool for MySQL developers, DBAs, and architects, with a free open-source Community Edition.

15
Oracle SQL Developer for VS Code

Oracle's free VS Code extension for browsing Oracle Database objects, running SQL and scripts, editing PL/SQL, and exporting data.

16
pgAdmin 4

A free, open-source PostgreSQL administration and query tool, available as a desktop app for Windows, macOS, and Linux or in a web browser.

17
Redgate SQL Toolbelt Essentials

A bundle of 11 SQL Server development tools from Redgate, including SQL Prompt, SQL Compare Pro, SQL Data Compare Pro, and SQL Source Control.

18
SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS)

Microsoft's free Windows app for managing SQL Server and Azure SQL databases.

19
SQLyog

A MySQL GUI tool from Webyog, with database backups and data synchronization.

20
Studio 3T

A GUI and toolset for MongoDB developers and administrators, with a free Community Edition for non-commercial use, limited to three connections.

Database Management Pricing

Database management tools are sold in a few different ways. Some vendors charge an annual subscription per user, some sell a perpetual license with a year of updates, and several offer a free edition alongside their paid plans. The table below shows the starting price each vendor publishes on its own website at the time of writing, in US dollars.

Product Starting Price Billing Link
KeeperDB
Free desktop app; KeeperDB with KeeperPAM: Contact for quote
Custom (KeeperPAM)
Aqua Data Studio
From $499 per user (Standard, annual licensing); 14-day free trial
Annual
Beekeeper Studio
Free (Community Edition); paid plans from $9 per user, per month, billed annually (Indie)
Monthly or annual
DataGrip
Contact for quote; free for non-commercial use; 30-day free trial
DBeaver PRO
From $113 per user, per year (Lite); free open-source Community edition; 14-day free trial
Annual
dbForge Edge
From $749.95 per license, per year (1-year subscription without premium support); 30-day free trial
Annual or perpetual
DbVisualizer
Free edition; Pro from $199 per user for the first year, then $89 per year; 21-day free trial
Annual
Navicat Premium
Free (Premium Lite, up to 5 users); Enterprise Edition $1,999 per user, perpetual, with 1 year of maintenance; 14-day free trial
Perpetual or subscription
TablePlus
From $99 per license, one-time payment with 1 year of updates; free trial with limits
One-time (perpetual)
Toad Data Studio
Contact for quote; 30-day free trial
Subscription

Database Management Checklist

These are the evaluation criteria we recommend when selecting a database management tool.

Engine support varies widely between clients. Check that your relational databases, NoSQL stores and cloud data warehouses all connect through the same tool, so your team doesn't keep a separate client for each engine.

Some clients run as desktop apps on Windows, macOS, and Linux, some run only on Windows, and others work in the browser or as extensions inside code editors. Match the deployment to the machines your developers and DBAs use.

Some clients save connection passwords encrypted on each user's device, while others pull credentials from a vault or broker the connection so the user never sees the password. If users never see the password, removing their access doesn't mean changing the database password.

Look for role-based access, read-only, or time-limited sessions, and approval steps for sensitive databases. Audit logs or session recordings show who ran which queries, which supports incident investigations and compliance reviews. Check whether these controls come with the client or need a team edition or separate product.

Try autocomplete, execution plans, visual query builders, and ER diagrams on your real schemas, not sample data. If you keep separate development, test and production environments, confirm the tool offers schema and data compare; not every client does.

AI assistants turn natural language into SQL and explain or optimize queries. Confirm what schema and data the assistant sends to the AI model, whether it asks for approval before running write operations, and whether you can choose your own model. Some assistants need a separate license.

Clients are sold as free or community editions, perpetual licenses with a year of maintenance, or annual subscriptions, priced per user or with seat minimums for teams. Price out every developer, DBA, and analyst who needs access, and check which features the free edition leaves out.

A client needs regular updates to support new engine versions and to fix security issues; when a vendor retires a client, it stops receiving security fixes. Review the vendor's recent release notes and confirm which support channels come with your license.

The Bottom Line

Database management software generally falls somewhere between two models. At one end are productivity clients: multi-database tools and IDEs built for the work itself. Most connect to relational, NoSQL and cloud databases, and add SQL editors, visual query builders, ER diagrams, and schema and data compare.

At the other end are access-led clients. They pull credentials from a vault or inject them into the connection, so users never see the password, and add time-limited access with approvals, read-only sessions, and session recording.

Neither model covers everything. The productivity clients cover more engines and go deeper on schema changes and modeling, but many store passwords on the user’s device, encrypted or in the operating system’s password manager. Team access in several means a shared connections folder or file rather than roles, and where they audit, they log queries rather than record sessions.

The access-led client in this guide handles credentials and audit well, but connects to fewer engines, lacks schema compare, and needs a separate privileged access product for its governance features.

Start by working out which problem you actually have. If your team spends its time writing queries, changing schemas and shipping releases across many engines, a productivity client will do more for you.

Check that it supports every engine and operating system your team uses. If the concern is who holds production credentials, contractor access, or an audit trail, an access-led client fits better. If you have both, pair an access-led client for production with a productivity client for development.

Everything You Need To Know About Database Management Software (FAQs)

Database management software is the application you use to connect to a database and work with it. It shows the tables, views, and other objects in the database, runs your queries, lets you edit data, and handles routine tasks such as import and export. Developers use it to write and test SQL, DBAs use it to administer databases, and IT teams use it to check data and troubleshoot problems.

A Database Management System (DBMS), such as PostgreSQL, MySQL, or Microsoft SQL Server, is the software that stores the data, processes queries and enforces the rules on who can read or change it. A database client is the application you use to send work to that system. It connects through the engine’s driver, sends your SQL and displays the results.

People use “database management software” for both. This guide covers clients. Switching clients doesn’t move or change your data, because the data stays in the DBMS.

Not necessarily. Microsoft and Oracle offer free tools for their own engines, such as SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) and MySQL Workbench, but a multi-database client connects to many engines from one application.

Coverage varies, so check the engines each product lists. KeeperDB connects to PostgreSQL, MySQL and MariaDB, SQL Server, Oracle, Amazon Redshift, SQLite, MongoDB, and Amazon DynamoDB. DBeaver PRO lists over 100 SQL, NoSQL and cloud data sources. NoSQL support can depend on the edition: DBeaver includes it in its PRO editions but not in the free Community edition, and Beekeeper Studio offers MongoDB in its paid editions.

They can be, if you check three things. If the client saves connection passwords, it should encrypt them. Connections to production servers should run over SSH or TLS. A read-only mode or a confirmation step before write queries helps prevent accidental changes; Beekeeper Studio made its read-only mode free in version 6.1.

Free options in this guide include the KeeperDB desktop app, Beekeeper Studio Community Edition, DBeaver Community, the DbVisualizer free edition and Navicat Premium Lite (up to five users). DataGrip is free for non-commercial use only. Check which team controls the free edition includes: DbVisualizer’s shared connections and audit logging are Pro features, and KeeperDB’s session recording needs KeeperPAM.

DbVisualizer encrypts saved passwords and can protect them with a master password. DataGrip has no password store of its own and uses the operating system’s password manager or KeePass. On macOS, TablePlus saves database and SSH passwords in Keychain. DBeaver PRO can pull credentials from external secret managers, including AWS Secrets Manager, Azure Key Vault, and HashiCorp Vault. KeeperDB with KeeperPAM injects credentials into the connection through the Keeper Gateway, so credentials are not stored or exposed on user devices.

Some clients share connections without the passwords. DataGrip’s shared data source file excludes passwords, and TablePlus keeps passwords in each computer’s Keychain when connections sync through a shared folder.

Microsoft retired Azure Data Studio on February 28, 2026, and it no longer receives updates or security fixes. Microsoft points users to Visual Studio Code with the MSSQL extension, which connects to SQL Server, Azure SQL, and Fabric SQL databases, runs T-SQL and shows execution plans. SSMS 22 is the current release of Microsoft’s free Windows app for SQL Server and Azure SQL.

If your team runs other engines too, a multi-database client can replace Azure Data Studio and your engine-specific tools at once. Check that it supports your SQL Server sign-in method, such as Microsoft Entra ID.

Developers focus on the SQL editor: autocomplete, formatting, query history, execution plans, ER diagrams and visual query builders. Many also want Git integration and an AI assistant that writes or explains SQL.

DBAs look after the databases themselves. They need admin views of sessions, locks and performance, user and permission management, backup and restore, and schema and data compare to keep development, test, and production in sync. Access controls and audit logging matter to both groups.

Some can, if you let them, so check the controls. KeeperAI in KeeperDB lists exactly what it is about to run before it executes any non-SELECT statement. Beekeeper Studio’s AI Shell asks for your consent before it runs SQL. DBeaver PRO shows a confirmation by default before AI-generated queries that modify data or schema.

Also check what the assistant sends to the AI provider. TablePlus sends the results of queries its assistant runs, including data rows, to the provider. DbVisualizer doesn’t send table data, and DBeaver PRO lets you filter which tables it sends. For production, a read-only database account stops any client from writing data, whatever its AI settings.

Desktop clients run on each user’s machine, connect directly to the database and work with local files and scripts. Each machine holds its own connections and, in many clients, saved passwords.

Browser-based clients run on a server, so users install nothing locally and administrators can manage connections, access, and logging in one place. DBeaver offers CloudBeaver Enterprise for browser-based access, and with KeeperPAM, users launch KeeperDB from a PAM Database record in the Keeper Vault. You can also use a desktop client for development and a browser-based, centrally controlled route to production.

IT Management Resources

Further reading on it management from Expert Insights — buyers' guides, comparison articles, and platform-specific shortlists.

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