Vulnerability Management: Everything You Need To Know (FAQs)
What Is Vulnerability Management?
Vulnerability management is a process that enables you to more quickly and effectively identify, prioritize, and address vulnerabilities to prevent them from being exploited by bad actors or threat groups.
The exploitation of known and undisclosed vulnerabilities continues to remain a common cause of security breaches and incidents globally. Vulnerability management enables you to continuously monitor your environment for potential risks and proactively patch high-risk vulnerabilities before they are exploited.
But this process isn’t just a one-off activity. Instead, it’s a continuous cycle that requires your security teams to not only address existing vulnerabilities, but also keep scanning for new ones. Hence, it’s referred to as: “the vulnerability management lifecycle”.
Before we can take a deeper dive into what vulnerability management is, how the lifecycle works, and why it’s so important, we should first take a look at what a vulnerability is and how you classify them.
What Is A Vulnerability?
A vulnerability is a weakness or flaw in your security system that can be exploited by a bad actor to facilitate a breach. These can occur in any part of your digital estate at any time and can go weeks, months, or years without being discovered.
Vulnerabilities commonly manifest as technical bugs in pieces of software, but they also include weaknesses in operating systems, web servers, firewalls, and networks, and can be caused by hardware, processes, misconfigurations, and more.
Opportunistic threat actors often seek to leverage vulnerabilities to cause as much disruption as possible. For example, throughout 2020, as COVID-19 catalyzed the global adoption of remote working, threat actors most frequently targeted vulnerabilities that affected remote work, VPNs, and cloud-based technologies.
Software Vulnerabilities
Software vulnerabilities are a common focus in vulnerability management, because they don’t just affect one organization in isolation. Rather, they impact every organization using an affected software or product.
When software vulnerabilities are discovered, they’re disclosed via the proper channels. Then, software vendors are responsible for sending out software updates and patching those products—with larger vendors such as Microsoft, Adobe, and Oracle grouping updates on “Patch Tuesday” to limit disruption for their customers.
But vulnerabilities aren’t always discovered and patched by these vendors before bad actors can exploit them. Just look at the Log4j vulnerability (known as Log4Shell), which enabled attackers to remote load and execute code, giving them control of entire systems. Log4j affected millions of users worldwide and was entirely preventable if acted on sooner.
Which is why investing a powerful vulnerability management process is so important.
Defining And Ranking Software Vulnerabilities
Because most software vulnerabilities affect all organizations using a particular product or service rather than one organization in isolation, there must be a vulnerability naming standard for defining and communicating vulnerabilities across organizations.
The most widely accepted is NIST’s Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP), which is a suite of specifications to classify vulnerabilities and ensure that those entered into its dictionary are identifiable with unique names.
The CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposure) specification is a dictionary of publicly known software vulnerabilities and exposures, and includes each CVE ID, date, and description.
Once a vulnerability is registered as a CVE in MITRE’s CVE database, it’s assigned a risk score using the CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System). This score ranges from 0.0 (low risk) to 10.0 (critical) and indicates the characteristics and severity of a given vulnerability to help you prioritize remediation actions.
CVE and CVSS information is fed into NIST’s NVD (National Vulnerability Database) and is freely available for all.
Why Are Vulnerability Management Solutions Important?
Vulnerability Management solutions are important tools to include as part of your security stack as your cybersecurity setup is never finished. Attackers will always look for new ways to navigate your cybersecurity infrastructure; as a result, you’ll have to evolve your infrastructure and configuration in response.
Vulnerability management solutions help to address these issues as they will constantly scan for new vulnerabilities that could put your organization at risk. As VMS automate the process of vulnerability detection and patch deployment, your organization can benefit from advanced warning and earlier remediation of cyber threats.
In many sectors, having a VMS in place and properly configured is a requirement as per compliance and regulatory frameworks. Many require a VMS as this will automatically detect weaknesses and ensure that your network is as protected and as agile as possible. Some of the common regulatory bodies that demand this include PCI DSS, HIPAA, and GDPR. Proving that you have a VMS and respond to its suggestions can also lower your cybersecurity insurance premiums.
How Do Vulnerability Management Solutions Work?
First, vulnerability management solutions (VMS) will perform a scan to discover all devices and to identify any possible vulnerabilities. The results of this scan will be catalogued in a dashboard, alongside historical vulnerabilities. The solution should be able to categorise the each instance based on factors such as type, relative risk, and remediation state.
Once vulnerability management solutions have identified, remediated, and alerted users to any threats, they should start the process again. Vulnerability management is an ongoing process, that needs to be run continually so that new threats and vulnerabilities can be detected swiftly.
What Vulnerabilities Can Vulnerability Management Solutions Address?
Vulnerability Management solutions tend to work by identifying changes or modifications to baselines and normal behavior in devices and networks. Using this logic, VMS can detect and almost limitless range of threats. If anything abnormal occurs, your VMS will detect it.
That being said, there are several threat categories that VMS are particularly astute at identifying. These include:
- Vulnerabilities and loopholes that need patching
- Software with misconfigured settings or policies
- Malware and ransomware
Some VMS will also carry out penetration testing to give an accurate idea of how difficult a network or system is to access. Information gained through this is invaluable.